Medical and public-health organizations agree that medical marijuana can be beneficial. In 1999, the Institute of Medicine, a branch of the National Academy of Sciences, released a study commissioned by the White House that had found marijuana effective in combating pain, nausea and other symptoms afflicting patients with MS, cancer and other illnesses. The American Public Health Association’s policy statement summarizes the extensive research showing marijuana’s effectiveness, and adds: “Marijuana has an extremely wide acute margin of safety for use under medical supervision. … Greater harm is caused by the consequences of its prohibition than possible risks of medicinal use.”